Guudmar

Ururrada xagjirka ah ee ku abtirsada Islaamka oo labaatankii sannadood ee u dambeeyay si firfircoon dunida uga hawlgalayay, gaar ahaan waddamada Muslinka, iyaga oo mar ba kolka ka dambeysa soo fidaya. Ururka al-Shabaab oo hore u ahaa midka keli ah ee ka dagaallama Geeska Afrika iyo guud ahaan Bariga Afrika, ayaa hadda waxa soo labeeya Islamic State (IS Somalia) oo la abuuray 2015 dhammaadkeedii. Kaas oo lagu daray liiska argagixisada ka bartilaameedsan hawlgallada argagixiso la dirirka ee caalamka guud ahaan, iyo Maraykanka ba. Daacish Soomaaliya, oo ahaa garab ka unkamay is khilaaf soo kala dhexgaley garabkii al-Shabaab ee Buntilaan, kuwaas oo ugu dambeyn isugu biyo shubtay in ay noqdaan garabka Daacish ee Soomaaliya.

Dhaqdhaqaaqyo badan oo kala geddisan ka geystay dhanka Buntilaan ee gobolka Bari, iyo gobollada Koonfurta oo ay sannaddadii dambe isku fidiyeen, iyaga oo ka faa’iidaysanaya qalalaasaha iyo xasillooni la’aanta siyaasadeed iyo amni ee ka jirta Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Caqiido iyo feker ahaan, ururka Daacish ee Soomaaliya waxa uu la mid yahay midkii Bariga Dhexe. Waxa uu ku abtirsadaa caqiido ahaan madarasadda Salafiyada, gaar ahaan Salafi-Jihaadiga, oo la mid ah al-Qaacida, al-Shabaab, iwm. Dhaqangelinta wax ay ugu yeedheen ‘Shareecada’ ama ‘Islaamka Siyaasiga’ ah ayaa u dagaallamayaan. Kuwaas oo uu aqoonsi u yahay diin ‘Islaam’ iyaga oo gebi ahaan ba aan oggolayn wax la yidhaa dawlado, muwaadiniin isireed iyo dhuleed, qawaaniin caalami ah, iwm. Ururkani waxa uu isku deyayaa in uu abuuro saameyn aad u ballaaran oo dhanka siyaasadda, millateriga, dhaqaalaha iyo sirdoonka ah, sida ay al-Shabaab tahay iyo meel ka sarreysa oo kale.

ISIS-Soomaaliya (Garabka Daacish ee Bariga Afrika)

Dawladda Islaamiga ee Suuriya iyo Ciraaq (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria ‘ISIS’ sida oo kalena loo yaqaan Islamic State in Iraq and Levant ‘ISIL’. Erayga dambe ee “Levant – Shaam” waa mid ka turjumaya dhul aad u badan oo ay ka mid yihiin waddamada: Ciraaq, Suuriya, Joordan, Israaiil, Falastiin iyo Lubnaan. Af-Carabi ahaanna loo yaqaan Daacish oo u taagan ama loo soo gaabiyay “الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام”. Ururkani waxa uu ka mid yahay ururrada xagjirka, Salafi-Jihaadiga asal-raaca oo ka dagaallama si toos ah Bariga Dhexe, saameyn ballaadhanna ku leh dunida, sida Afrika iyo Yurubba. Weerarro kala duwanna ka geystay dunida badankeed. Garab ka mid ah ururka Bokor Xaaraan ee Galbeedka Afrika ka dagaallama “Islamic State in Iraq and Levent branch of West Afrika” ayaa ka mid ah, oo uu hoggaamiyo Abu Muscab Al-Barnaawi oo ah wiilka uu dhaley Maxamed Yuusuf oo ahaa aasaasihii ururka Boko Xaaraan.

Ururka Daacish asal ahaan waxa uu ka soo farcamay ururkii loo yaqaannay Jamaacat Al-Towxiid Wal-Jihaad “JTJ” oo la aasaasay sannadkii 1999, isbahaysina la ahayd ururka Al-Qaacida oo uu hoggaaminayay Abu Muscab Asarqaawi. Waxa ay si dhab ah u soo ifbaxeen duulaankii uu isbahaysiga Maraykanku ku qaadeen waddanka Ciraaq sannadkii 2003. Haddana, dardar xooggan ayaa uu 2006 la soo baxay. Ugu dambeyn dagaalkii sokeeye ee Ciraaq ee sannadkii 2011 bilaabmay, oo uu garabyadii is hayay isaguna dhankiisa ka bilaabay dagaalka, lana dagaallamay labadoodaba; mucaaradkii iyo ciidamadii metelayay dawladda Ciraaq ba. Sannadkii 2014 ayaa uu si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay in uu yahay khilaafo iyo dawlad Islaami ah wixii maanta laga bilaabo, kana talin doonta oo isku fidin doonta dhulka uu sheeganayo ee aadka u baaxadda weyn.

Diisenbar, sannadkii 2015 waxa uu isku fidiyay Galbeedka Ciraaq ilaa Bariga Suuriya, isaga oo ururku isku furay labada xuduudood ee ay labada waddan wadaagayeen.. Dhinaca kale, sannadkii 2015 waxa miisaaniyadda ururka Daacish lagu qiyaasay 1-bilyan oo doollar iyo ku dhawaad 30,000 oo dagaalyahanno shisheeye ah. Waxa uu muddo kooban ku noqday urur saameyntiisu ay meel walba gaadho, waddamada jaarka iyo dunida guud ahaan ba. Waxaana lagu tiriyaa in uu yahay ururka ugu ballaadhan ee dad shisheeeye ah oo waddamo Yurub iyo Afrika ah ka tagey ay ka dagaallamaan.

Soomaaliya, waxa uu ururkani ka bilaabmay sannadkii Oktoobar-2015, isaga oo si firfircoon uga jira gobolka Bari ee Maamul-Goboleedka Buntilaan. Magacyada loo yaqaan waxa ka mid ah Abnaaul Khaliifa “Wiilashii Khulafada, Islamic State in Somalia (ISIS)” Waxa aasaasay nin lagu magacaabo Sheekh Cabdulqaaddir Muumin oo ah Soomaali-Ingiriis ku noolaa waddanka Ingiriiska iyo waddanka Swiidhan intii u dhexaysay 1990-2003 (Iswiidhan) iyo 2005-2006 (Ingiriiska).

Sannadkii 2010 ayaa hay’adda sirdoonka ee Ingiriiska (M15) ku qabatay in uu xagjireeyo dhallinta yaryar, ka dibna waxa uu u soo baxsaday waddanka Soomaaliya, isaga oo gubay dhalashadii Ingiriiska, kuna biiray Xarakada Al-Shabaab. Oktoobar 22, 2015 ayaa uu bayco (Heshiis Khilaafo) la galey hoggaamiyihii Daacishta Bariga Dhexe, Abu Bakar Al-Baqdaadi, si uu u abuuro garabka Daacish ee Soomaaliya. Buuraha Galgala ee gobolka Bari (Buntilaan) ayaana uu ka bilaabay. Ogos, sannadkii 2016 ayaa Sheekh Cabdulqaaddir Muumin ay dawladda Maraykanku ku dartay liiska argagixisada caalamiga ah ee lagu raadjoogo.

Intaa wixii ka dambeeyay si toos ah ayaa uu uga dhaqdhaqaaqaa gobollada Bari iyo Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Weerarro iyo qaraxyo kala geddisanna uu ka geystaa sida Al-Shabaab oo kale. Dhinaca kale, sida ay sheegtay Kooxda Kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya iyo Eriteriya (UN Monitoring Group for Somalia and Eritrea), ayaa warbixin ay soo saareen sannadkii 2016 tilmaamay in ciidanka rasmiga ah ee u diiwaangashan ururka Daacish-Soomaaliya lagu qiyaaso 200 ilaa 300 oo dagaalyahan. Kuwaas oo mushaharkoodu dhan yahay haddii uu xaasle yahay $50, halka haddii uu carruur leeyahayna ay u raacdo $20-30, iyada oo loo eegayo da’adiisa.

Halka askariga aan xaaslaha ahayni aannu wax mushahara lahayn, ilaa hadda. Waa urur isku deyaya in uu dhaqaale, awood iyo ciidanba saameyn ku yeesho gobolka Geeska Afrika. Muddo afar sannadood ah baa uu jiraa, waxaana ay u badanyihiin hoggaamin ahaan iyo ciidan ahaan ba dagaalyahanno ka soo goostay ururka Al-Shabaab ee ay jaalka yihiin. In kasta oo ay labadooduba cadow isku arkaan, marar badanna ay ku dagaallameen gobolka Bari iyo gobollada Koonfurta qaarkood.

Qiyaas ahaan miisaaniyadda ay sannadkii mushahar ahaan u bixiyaan waa $3,000 ilaa $9,000 oo doollar. Dhaqaale yaraanta haysata darteed xaddidaad fara badan oo dhanka kharashaadka ah baa ay sameeyaan ururkani, maaddaama ay bilow yihiin. Dhanka kale, ururkani waa uga furfuranyahay shisheeyaha kolka la barbardhigo Al-Shabaab; oo iyada nafteedu ay ku jiraan shisheeye aad u badan. Maaddaama oo uu yahay garab bilow ahaan ka tirsan Daacishtii Bariga Dhexe ee la baabiiyay. Waxa ka tirsan shisheeye kooban oo u dawladaha jaarka ah, oo uu ka mid yahay Abu Faaris oo ah Suudaani ku jira liiska argagaxisada Maraykanka ee xubnaha ka ah Xarakada Al-Shabaab.

Sida oo kale, ururkan Daacish-Soomaaliya waxa uu xidhiidh la leeyahay hoggaamiyaha Daacishta waddanka Yaman oo isagu u dhaqma isku xidhe Daacishta Soomaaliya iyo Daacishta Bariga Dhexe. Kaalin weynna ka qaatay bilowgii isku xidhka labada dhinac, iyo in garabkii Al-Shabaab ee deegaannada Buntilaan loo beddelo garabka Daacish ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo ay Yaman burbursan tahay, dagaallo kala duwanna ka socdaan, waxa ay u nuglaatay ururrada xagjirka ah ee hubaysan ee Bariga Dhexe iyo Geeska Afrika.

Dhaqdhaqaaqyada iyo Hawlgallada

Isbeddelka labadii sannadood ee u dambeeyay ku yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada ururka IS ee Soomaaliya ayaa muujinaya in ururku uu aad u faafay, una dhismay, taas oo ay ka muuqato hawlagallada uu muujinayo. Bishii Julaay ee sannadkii 2018 ayaa ay ururka IS ee Soomaaliya sheegteen dhaawac iyo dhimasho loo gaystay 14 ka tirsan ciidanka xoogga dalka (CXD) ee Soomaaliya. Sida oo kale waxa ay kor u qaadeen dhanka khaarijinta iyo madaxjebinta intii u dhexeysay Jeenaweri ilaa Julaay ee sannadkii 2018. Khaarijinta ay ururku sameynayaan waxa ay si gaar ah ugu ugaadhsadeen ciidanka sirdoonka iyo nabadsugidda ee Soomaaliya, iyo guud ahaanba ciidamada ammaanka. Warbaahinta AMAQ ee ku hadasha afka ISIS ayaa soo bandhigtay muuqaallo lagu khaarijinayo ragg dharcad ah oo ka tirsan sirdoonka Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo maalin dharaar ah goobo dadku iskugu yimaaddaan oo suuqyadu ugu horreeyaan lagu khaarijinayo. Waliba ay kolka dilku dhacayana muuqaal ahaan loo duubayo, oo qof aan waxba ka fogeyn uu duubayo kolka dadka la leynayo.

Warbixin ay sameeyeen qeybta warqabadka ee BBC Somali ayaa caddeynaysa sida ay u kordheen weerarrada ay ururka IS geysanayaan sannaddadii u dambeeyay. Guud ahaan, sannadkii 2017-2018 sida ay warbixintu tilmaamayso ururka IS waxa ay sheegteen 39 weerar, kuwaas oo 27 weerar oo ka mid ahi ay dhaceen sannadkii 2018, gaar ahaan bilaha Maarij, Juun iyo Julaay. Waxaana ay qiyaastani ka badantahay tii sannadkii hore ee 2017, middaas oo ay ururku ku sheegteen 21 weerar sannadka oo dhan. Kala duwanaanta iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa baaxadda leh waa aad dareemi kartaa, iyo guud ahaan isbeddelka ku yimid ururka. Dhinaca kale, 39 weerar oo ay ee sheegteen ururku, 23 weerarradaas ka mid ah waxa ay ka gaysteen magaalada Muqdisho ee gobolka Banaadir.

Sida oo kale ururku waxa uu hawlgallo iyo dhaqdhaqaaq iskugu jiro qaraxyo iyo khaarijin ka geystaa gobollada Waqooyi-Bari ee Soomaaliya, oo uu ugu horreeyo gobolka Bari ee Buntilaan. Waxa ka mid ahaa; in bishii Oktoobar ee sannadkii 2017 uu weerar bastoolado loo adeegsaday uu ku qaaday goob lagu shaaheeyo oo ku taalla magaalada Boosaaso, loona yaqaan Afar-Irdood, iyaga oo halkaas ku diley hal qof oo shacab ah, ganacsadena ahaa. Sida oo kalena ay ku dhaawaceen Taliye ku-xigeenkii saldhigga Baalade ee magaalada Boosaaso, Laba-xidigle Cabdiraxmaan Barre Saalax.

Waxa kale oo ay khaarijin tiro badan oo la mid ah kuwan ka geystaan magaalada Muqdisho ee gobolka Banaadir, iyo badiba gobollada Koonfurta ee Soomaaliya. Degmooyinka Bu’aale, Jilib iyo deegaanno badan waxa ay ku dileen dad kala geddisan oo ka tirsan maamullada, iyo Xarakada al-Shabaab. Waxa aynnu odhan karnaa, Daacish waa urur la wada diriraya laba xoog oo uu ka itaal yaryahay, al-Shabaab oo ay dhanka saameynta waddanka iyo gobolka ku dirirayaan iyo maamullada Soomaaliya ka jira oo ay sida al-Shabaab ka aamisanyihiin, iyaga oo ujeedkoodu yahay in ay xidid siibaan.

Dhanka kale, ururka IS Soomaaliya ayaa isaga naftiisu ka dhex jiraan dhaqdhaqaaqyo ay awoodda iyo saameynta ku kala riixanayaan, sida Al-Shabaab oo kale. Waa arrin shaacsane ah in ururrada hubaysan ee Islaamiyiinta ah iyo jabhadaha madaniga ahba, in dhexdooda ay ka dhacaan khaarijin iyo dilal qorshaysan oo lala bartilmaameedsanayo madax ama xubno loo arko in ay caqabad ku yihiin dadka qaarkiis, ama shaqooyinka qaarkood. Mahad Macallin oo ahaa ku-xigeenkii Daacishta Soomaaliya ayaa lagu diley Muqdisho Oktoobar sannadkii 2018, isaga oo maydkiisa la soo dhigay xeebta Liido, lana wargeliyay ehelladiisa. Sirdoonka Buntilaan oo arrintan uga warramay BBC Somali ayaa u sheegay in dilkan uu ka dambeeyay sarkaal ka tirsan Daacishta Soomaaliya, oo kolkii uu ogaaday in Mahad uu tegayo Muqdisho ka daba diray ragg hubaysan oo ku soo khaarijiya Muqdisho, si uu isaguna hadhow u galo booskiisa.

Oddoros amni ahaan, sababaha loo diley Mahad ayaa sheegaya in ay salka ku hayso awoodda ururka cidda gacanta ku dhigi doonta ay tahay ku-xigeenka ururka, maaddaama oo xogo sugan tilmaamayaan in Sheekh Cabdulqaadir Muumin uu xanuusananayo, si buuxdana aan loogu kalsoonayn in uu sii ahaan karo amiirka ururka. Isla arrintan xanuunka Cabdulqaadir ayaa u oggolaatay in Mahad uu awoodo badan gacanta ku dhigo, saameyn iyo muuqasho badanna uu yeesho. Sida oo kale na uu u muuqday ninka beddeli kara Sheekh Cabdulqaadir. Mahad Macallin, sarkaalka diley iyo Sheekh Cabdulqaadir ayaa saddexdoodu ba waxa ay wadaagaan jufada hoose ee dhanka qabiilka ah (Cali Saleebaan, Majeerteen). Horraantii sannadka 2018 ayaa Mahad Macallin ay dawladda Maraykanku ku dartay liiska argagixisada iyo dadka xayiraaduhu ay saaranyihiin.

Dhammaadkii sannadkii hore ee 2020 ayaa ururka Daacish iyo Al-Shabaab dagaallo ba’an ku dhexmareen buuraha Calmiskaad ee gobolka Bari, xilli uu Cabdulqaadir Muumin aad u xanuunsanayo, lana sakaraadayo xanuunka macaanka oo uu qabo, iyada oo uu khilaaf xoogganna ururka dhexdiisa ka taaganyahay, oo ku saleysan cidda debabadii xilka qaban doonta. Ururka ISIS ee Soomaaliya waxa uu haatan wajahayaa dhawr caqabadood oo aad u kakan, kuwaas oo halis ku ah jiritaankiisa dambe, oo kala ah: in dagaal ka dhan ah iyaga ay kula jiraan ciidamada Maraykanka iyo kuwa Buntilaan oo wadajira, kuwa Al-Shabaab oo diiddan awood labaad oo iyaga la mid ah in ay waddanka Soomaaliiya iyo guud ahaan gobolka Geeska Afrika ay soo muuqato, iyo khilaaf xooggan oo dhexdooda ka jira oo sababi kara in ay kala jabaan, iwm.

Qabsashadii Degmada Qandala

Bishii Oktoobar 26, 2016 ayaa ururka Daacish ee Soomaaliya uu qabsaday magaalada (degmada) Qandala ee gobolka Bari, iyaga oo dejiyay calankii saarnaa xarunta booliska, kuna beddelay midkooda u ah astaanta. Qandala waxa ay 90 kiilomitir ka xigtaa dhanka bari magaalada Boosaaso. Kolkii ay magaalada qabsadeen, waxa u tagey qaar ka mid ah duqeyda dhaqanka, una sheegay in ay iskaga baxaan magaalada. Laakiin, waa ay ka diideen, waxa ayna u caddeeyeen in aysan meelna u socon oo ay haysanayaan magaalada. Degmada Qandala waa meel istiraatiiji ah ilaa xad, oo kulaalaysa xeebaha Yaman. Sida uu u sheegay warbaahinta VOA taliyihii hore ee sirdoonka Buntilaan, Cabdi Xasan, in ay durba bilaabeen in ay kaalmo millateri ka heleen Yaman, dharkii ciidanka, hub, saraakiil tababbaro u fidisa iyo dhaqaale badan ba. Waxa kale oo uu tilmaamay in markabii u siday hubka uu ka soo dhaqaaqay magaalada xeebeedda Muqalla ee gobolka Xadramuut, isaga oo ku soo wajahan dhanka IS Soomaaliya.

Qandala waa goob ay adag tahay in dhulka lagu gaadho oo jidkeedu kakanyahay, sida oo kalena waa goob buuraley ah oo aanay suuragal ahayn in aad gaadhi ku marto ama ku kaxeyn karayso. Taas beddelkeedana xeeb dhow oo istiraatiiji ah baa ay la leedahay Yaman. Guud ahaan buuraha gobolka Bari ayaa ah kuwo ay adagtahay in dagaal lagu galo, oo ilaa hadda Al-Shabaab iyo Daacish ay ku diriryaan, lagu la na dirirayaa. Qabshada ay Daacish qabsatay Qandala, waxa kale oo ay salka ku haysay in uu dego qabiilka Sheekh Cabdulqaadir Muumin, kaas oo damacsanaa in uu taageero ka helo reerkiisa, isaga oo ku beerlaxawsanaya in uu dhisayo dawlad Islaami ah oo Soomaaliya iyo Afrika ba wada gaadha oo ka talisa. Halkaasna uu sal uu ka duulo ka dhigto, isku halleyn buuxdana uu ku qabo joogistiisa. Oktoobar 28, 2016 ayaa maamulka Buntilaan uu sheegay in uu dib ula wareegay, oo ka saaray ururkii qabsaday ee Daacish. Iyaga oo tilmaamay in ay khasaare xooggan gaadhsiiyeen, haatanna ay gacantooda ku soo noqotay magaalada Qandala.

Ilaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Xidhiidhada Gudaha iyo Dibadda

Sida ay ururka Al-Shabaab u qaadaan cashuuro tiro badan, iyaga oo shacab iyo ganacsataba ka qaada ayaa uu ururka Daacish-Soomaaliyana u qaadaa cashuuro kala geddisan. Cashuurahaas oo uu ka qaado gobolka Bari (Boosaaso) ama Banaadir iyo Muqdisho, waa kuwo ay sal u yihiin baqamaal uu ku hayo bulshada. Dad badan oo lagu laayay Boosaaso, kuwaas oo diiday cashuuraha lagu soo rogay, kuwo oggolaadayba waa ay isugu jiraan. Waana halka ugu weyn ee ururku uu ka helo taageere dhaqaale oo xooggan. In kasta oo aan daraasado iyo warbixinno sugan laga hayn ilaa inta ay qiyaas ahaan qaadaan ama ay haatan marayso cashuurtu, laakiin oddoras ahaan waxa ay ka dheehan karnaa mushaharka ay bixiyaan oo lagu qiyaasay 3,000 – 9,000 oo doollar inta u dhexaysa, kaas oo aad u yar inta qof kaga soo hagaagaysa.

Waa ta kale e, laba shirkadood oo lagu kala magacaabo ‘Liibaan Trading’ oo ka shaqeysa dhoofinta xoolaha iyo ‘Al-Mutafaq Commercial Company’ oo uu wada leeyahay nin lagu magacaabo Maxamed Mire Cali Yuusuf (loo yaqaan Mire Cali) ayaa dawladda Maraykanku ay ku dartay liiska shirkadaha taageerrada dhaqaale u fidiya ururka Daacish ee Soomaaliya. “Mohamed Mire Ali Yusuf (Mire Ali) was designated for assisting in, sponsoring, or providing financial, material, or technological support for, or financial or other services to or in support of, ISIS.” US Department of the Treasury, February 2018. Labadan shirkadood ayaa ilaa hadda xayiraad saaran tahay oo xidhan, kuwaas oo ku yaallay magaalada Boosaaso. Mulkiilihii lahaa ee Maxamed Mire Cali na uu baxsad yahay, oo aan la ogeyn meel uu joogo, iyada oo lagu raadjoogo.

Sannadkii 2017 dhexdiisii ayaa ay Qaramada Midoobay iyo Dawladda Maraykanku sheegeen in ay baadhitaan ku wadaan laba ka mid ah budhcad-badeedda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo looga shakisan yahay in ay ka kaalmeeyaan dhanka hubka ururrada Al-Shabaab (al-Qaacida linked group) iyo IS Soomaaliya (ISIL linked group). Raggaas oo kala ah: Maxamed Garfanje oo ah madaxa shabakadda Hobyo-Xarardheere. Garfanje oo ah ragga lagu tuhunsan yahay in ay ka dambeeyeen kuwii afduubtay weriyihii Amerikaan-Jarmalka ahaa ee Michael Scott Moore ee sannadkii 2012. Weriyahaas oo sheegay in uu la kulmay, kana mid ahaa raggaas Garfanje. Sida oo kale, sida ay tilmaamayaan xogo kale oo warbaahinta CNN ay soo bandhigtay, in ragg ka tirsan budhcad-badeedda Soomaalidu ay kaalin weyn ka geysteen u daabbulidda hubka ee ururka Daacishta Soomaaliya, kolkii ay joogeen Qandala, ka hor iyo ka dib labada ba. Guud ahaan, budhcad-badeeddu waxa ay ka faa’iidaysataa badaha baylahda ah, ciddii dhaqaale u haysana wax kasta waa ay u fuliyaan. Ururrada xagjirka iyo iyagu keli ah waxa ay ku wada hadlaan luuqadda lacagta, oo ah midda heshiiska lagu yahay. Hubka iyo badeecadaha kale ee ay u baahdaanna, marinkaas ayaa loo soo mariyaa wax walba.

Gunaanad

Ugu dambeyn, ururka Daacish iyo ururka Al-Shabaab waxa ay isaga mid yihiin aasaasiyaadka caqiidada iyo fasirka ay ka haystaan Islaamka. IS waxa ay isku deyaysaa kolkii ay ku fashilantay Bariga Dhexe in ay xulafo adag oo kale oo cusub ka abuurto Galbeedka Afrika iyo Geesk Afrika, oo gabbaad u noqda Daacishtii jabtay ee la burburiyay. Daacish, waa urur aad uga fudud, ugana firfircoon Al-Qaacida iyo Al-Shabaab. Xagjirnimo aad u biyo dhigtay, oo dadka sida xoolaha u gawracaya. Falal aad uga geddisan kuwii lagu yaqaannay Al-Shabaab iyo Al-Qaacida na muujistay. Dhaqdhaqaaq halis ku ah guud ahaan Soomaaliya, Buntilaan iyo dunida inteeda kale ba weeyaan. Waxa baadhis iyo daraaseyn qotodheer u baahan, qaabdhismeedka ururka, dhaqaalaha iyo ilaha dakhliga ee ururka, aragtiyaha iyo mabaadi’da ay isku khilaafeen Al-Shabaabta Soomaaliya, maamulka, sirdoonka iyo amniyaatka ururka, taageeridda dibadda iyo gudaha, iwm.

 

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Tixraac

1. Oriental Review (September 23, 2014): Islamic State and the Policy of the West. https://orientalreview.org/2014/09/23/islamic-state-and-the-policy-of-the-west/
2. Al-Akhbaar English (August 22, 2014): Why ISIS is threat to a Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism’s deferred promise, by Fouad al-Ibrahim. https://web.archive.org/web/20140824121659/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21234
3. FDD Long War Journal (June 29, 2014): ISIS announces formation of Caliphate, rebrands of ‘Islamic State’ by Bill Roggio. https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/06/isis_announces_formation_of_ca.php
4. Independent (Monday 30, 2014): Iraq Crisis – ISIS declares its territories a new Islamic State with ‘restoration of caliphate’ in Middle East, by Adam Withnall. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-declares-new-islamic-state-in-middle-east-with-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-as-emir-removing-iraq-and-9571374.html
5. Gerges, Fawaz A. (2016). A History of ISIS. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. pp. 21–22
6. Magnus Ranstorp; Filip Ahlin; Peder Hyllengren; Magnus Normark (2018). Mellan salafism och salafistisk jihadism – Påverkan mot och utmaningar för det svenska samhället (PDF) (in Swedish). Swedish Defence University. p. 95
7. The Telgraph (April 29, 2016): British extremist preacher linked to Lee Rigby killer emerges as head of Islamic State in Somalia, by Colin Freeman. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/29/british-extremist-preacher-linked-to-lee-rigby-killer-emerges-as/
8. Jihadology (October 22, 2015): New audio message from shaykh Abd al-Qadir Mumin: “Bay’ah From Him and a Group of Mujahidin of Somalia to the caliph of the Muslims Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi” by Aron Y. Zeilin. https://jihadology.net/2015/10/22/new-audio-message-from-shaykh-abd-al-qadir-mu-min-bayah-from-him-and-a-group-of-mujahidin-of-somalia-to-the-caliph-of-the-muslims-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi/
9. Reuters (October 23, 2015): Small group of Somali al Shabaab swear allegiance to Islamic State, by Abdi Sheikh. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-somalia-idUSKCN0SH1BF20151023
10. Middle East Monitor (November 09, 2017): UN – Daesh in Somalia is expanding. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20171109-un-daesh-in-somalia-is-expanding/
11. TRT World (November 11, 2017): UN report says a Daesh faction has grown significantly in Somalia. https://www.trtworld.com/africa/un-report-says-a-daesh-faction-has-grown-significantly-in-somalia-12156
12. BBC Somali News (August 09, 2018): Falanqayn – Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Daacish ee Soomaaliya. https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-45132989
13. VOA News (October 04, 2017): Daacish oo sheegatay dil ka dhacay Boosaaso. https://www.voasomali.com/a/4054954.html
14. Soomaaliweyn (January 14, 2019): Al-Shabaab oo sarkaal ka tirsanaa Daacish Bu’aale. http://www.somaliweyn.org/2019/01/14/al-shabaab-oo-sarkaal-katirsanaa-daacish-ku-dishay-buaalle/
15. BBC Somali (October 23, 2018): Kooxda ISIS ee Soomaaliya oo loollan awoodeed oo gudahooda ah isku dilaya. https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-45951962
16. VOA Somali News (October 26, 2016): ISIS Militants Seize Town in Somalia’s Puntland. https://www.voanews.com/africa/militants-seize-town-somalias-puntland
17. VOA Somali News (October 28, 2016): Somali Officials Vow to Retake Puntland Town. https://www.voanews.com/africa/somali-officials-vow-retake-puntland-town
18. US Department of the Treasury, Press Release (February 09, 2018): Treasury Sanctions ISIS Facilitators Across the Globe. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-release/sm0284
19. CNN (July 10, 2017): CNN Exlusive – Somali pirate kings are under investigation for helping ISIS and al-Shabaab. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/10/africa/somali-piracy-attack-spike/index.html